WILLISTOWN CONSERVATION TRUST

Planting in Fall

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A volunteer gardener at Rushton Farm this August. Photo by Jennifer Mathes

              Although fall is when most things begin to die back, there is no better time to put new life into the ground! It is obviously a beautiful season to get outside, but it also presents the perfect conditions for a young plant to thrive. Getting your planting done now will make both your and your plants’ lives a whole lot easier come next spring.

The most significant benefit of planting in the fall is the jump-start it gives plants to get their roots established. Because they are not battling the heat and drought of the summer, the plants are able to focus their energy on growing a strong root system. This gives them more time to gain strength before they emerge in the spring and take on the summer heat. In addition, the cooler autumn weather means less watering, and fewer hungry pests. There are also practical reasons to plant in the fall. Having just gone through the spring and summer, you know exactly what additions your garden may need, and when everything is busy next spring, you’ll be thrilled with the time you have saved.

Fall is a great time to add herbaceous perennials to your garden so that they are ready to emerge come spring, but it is an especially ideal time to plant trees and shrubs. These woody species depend on a strong root base, and require more time to get established, so getting them started now puts them at an advantage. Maples and oaks fare particularly well planted this time of year. Fall is also the time to plant spring blooming bulbs, as they need to go through winter in the ground in order to break their dormancy.

As always, we recommend using native plants in your yard for the benefit of our birds, pollinators, and other wildlife. Luckily, there are wonderful local nurseries nearby where you can find natives, such as Redbud, Mostardi, and Octararo. We also have a variety of resources on our website that explain the benefits of native plants and offer suggestions for which ones to use, including our recent virtual presentation on native plants in your landscape, and our Homeowner Resource Guide. And of course, you can always come out to visit our office and preserves for inspiration. Happy planting and enjoy the fall!

Bumble bee on Culver’s Root. Photo by Blake Goll/Staff

Fall Planting Tips:

  • It is best to plant once the weather is somewhat cooler, but plants will still need 4-6 weeks to get established before the ground freezes. Mid-September through the end of October is generally the best time to do your planting.
  • Dig your holes only as deep as the container the plant is in, and twice as wide. Loosen any tangled or circling roots by hand before placing the plant in the ground.
  • Bury your plants so that the root flare (where the roots start to spread from the trunk/stem) is just above ground level, and tamp the soil in firmly.
  • Adding mulch will help the soil hold moisture, and provide insulation for the roots over the winter (be sure not to pile mulch over the root flare).
  • With cooler fall temperatures, new plants won’t need quite as much water as they would in the summer, but it is still important for their establishment to keep them hydrated. Always thoroughly water in after planting, and as needed depending on the weather and soil moisture.
Native bee and Virginia cup plant. Photo by Jennifer Mathes

Stewardship Volunteer Program – Update!

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For the past few months, the stewardship department has missed getting the chance to meet and work with new people each week while our volunteer days have been on hold. But finally, we have an update! We are excited to announce that we will begin welcoming back, on a limited basis, volunteers who want to help us work at our preserves.

Common milkweed blooming at Kirkwood Preserve. Photo by Blake Goll/Staff

To maintain safe and comfortable conditions, we will not be resuming our regular weekly volunteer days just yet. Instead, we will be coordinating with anyone interested to schedule a time during the week when they can come out and work with us in smaller groups of one or two volunteers. While this isn’t as fun as getting everyone together, it will still allow us to get acquainted, tackle some much needed projects, and hopefully give you all a nice way to get outside and take out some stress on invasive plants!

These work sessions will be guided by a member of the stewardship team who will go over the day’s project and provide any necessary tools, while ensuring that proper social distancing measures are taken. If you are interested in scheduling a time to join us, or have any further questions, please contact our Preserve Manager, Mike Cranney. (mjc@wctrust.org)

Our Native Wildflower Meadow: An Example of How to Heal Nature from Home

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The Willistown Conservation Trust’s “front yard.” Photo by Blake Goll/Staff

In the heart of Willistown lies a Garden of Eden: over an acre of native wildflowers blankets a gentle slope in front of the Trust’s office on Providence Road. It provides a living example of how homeowners can help support nature in their yards. 

The first seeds for our wildflower meadow were planted in 2008, and since then around 800 flower plugs were carefully tucked into the soil each spring by elementary school children who learned about the myriad benefits of these native plants— from supporting the insects that drive food webs to minimizing water usage.  Year after year we watch the cradle of green grass morph into a field of countless perennials awaiting their turn for inflorescence throughout the summer. 

Variegated fritillaries on asters in late September. Photo by Blake Goll/Staff

Last year I kept a photo journal of the spellbinding symphony of life the meadow supports during its prime flowering months of July and August. 

In July, the red milkweed beetles wiggled their black antennae against the common milkweed as a few tiger-striped monarch caterpillars happily munched away at the toxic leaves.  Honeybees and nectar-loving wasps buzzed peacefully around the velvety mountain mint in such masses as to make the plant seem like it had a pulse.  Hummingbird clearwing moths probed the charming purple sprays of the wild bergamot, and clumsy bumblebees clung to the elegant ivory candelabras of Culver’s root.  Swallowtail butterflies became fluttering fixtures on the delicate clusters of lilac blooms produced by the garden phlox—seemingly every pollinator’s most cherished cocktail. On a lucky day even a battered monarch butterfly danced with hope among the Joe-Pye weed, its torn wings a symbol of the trials that this threatened species can overcome if we only provide it with more sanctuaries like this.

Culver’s root. Photo by Blake Goll/Staff
Hummingbird moth on wild bergamot. Photo by Blake Goll/Staff
Meadow fritillary on mountain mint. Photo by Celeste Sheehan

In August the meadow takes on a golden hue as the brilliant yellow of the native sunflowers is augmented by goldenrod species.  Contrasting splashes of deep purples from the ironweed and vervain create a blissful palette in which at least ten species of butterflies can be counted at once.  Birds also abound in this kaleidoscope of colors: kingbirds and bluebirds hunt for insects, as goldfinches bounce up and down on the long stems of the cup plant, chattering to each other while feasting on the seeds of the spent blooms.  I watched a young house wren take shelter among the stems of the pokeweed, where he made his first babbling attempts at his father’s spirited song.

Grass-leaved goldenrod. Photo by Blake Goll/Staff
Honeybee on ironweed. Photo by Blake Goll/Staff
Goldfinch on Virginia cup plant. Photo by Blake Goll/Staff

This is life at its finest.  There are few natural landscapes where you can be surrounded so closely by so much visible life that is not in any hurry to evade you.  A cathartic place like this has the power to free us of loneliness, sadness, and worry by igniting our fascination. Your eye catches sight of a butterfly and the mind follows; such involuntary attention is the opposite of what our daily tasks demand and is exactly what promotes clear-headedness, calm, focus, and happiness.

Not only are native wildflower meadows elixirs to human health, they also promote ecological health and act as unsurpassed nurseries for biodiversity.  Imagine having all these benefits right at your back door.

There are over 48 million acres of largely biologically barren lawn in the U.S, and we lose 1.5 million acres of land to development each year.  Our lawns do not have to be monocultures of grass; by choosing native plants for at least half of our properties our yards could actually begin to rebuild the ecological food webs that are breaking down as a result of loss of habitat and pesticides.  By incorporating patches of native plants in your yard you can provide habitat for countless insect and bird species, including beneficial predators that keep pest insects in check naturally.

Common milkweed in the Willistown Conservation Trust’s native meadow. Photo by Blake Goll/Staff
Rare sand wasp species (Psammaletes mexicanus) found in our wildflower meadow last summer. It is pictured here carrying a leafhopper prey. Photo by Celeste Sheehan

Studies show that native wildflowers are also an answer to feeding the world’s growing population; the diversity of birds and insects in strips of wildflowers next to agricultural fields reduces or eliminates the need for pesticides and significantly increases crop yields, thanks to pollinating services.  Even in the dormancy of winter, unmown native wildflowers and grasses provide essential seed sources and shelter for birds.

There is a wonderful quote, “Leave room in your garden for fairies to dance.”  I remember reflecting in the wildflower meadow that summer and marveling at two monarch butterflies that seemed to be curious about me as they glided past and fluttered back to me in a teasing manner.  With iconic species like this on the brink of becoming like fabled garden sprites to our children, it is hard to justify not doing everything we can to heal nature.  What a gift it is to learn that your yard actually has the power to make a big difference.

White M Hairstreak. This rare butterfly species was found in our native wildflower meadow last summer, highlighting the importance of native plants. Photo by Celeste Sheehan

The Trust invites you to check out our website or call for information on creating your own wildflower paradise. You are welcome to visit our wildflower meadow at the office (925 Providence Road, Newtown Square).  Its peak months are July and August, but you’ll be rewarded with new joys any month you go.  Wildflower strips are also incorporated along the farm fields at Rushton Farm.  Common Milkweed is spectacular at all of our preserves for a brief window in mid-June.

Ready to join the movement?

Here is our curated list of great sources to get you started learning about, buying, and planting natives:

Which Native Plants to Buy for What Purpose

Where to Buy Native Plants Locally

Online Native Plant Marketplaces

 Summer Reading List

  • Bringing Nature Home by Doug Tallamy
  • The Living Landscape by Doug Tallamy and Rick Darke
  • Nature’s Best Hope by Doug Tallamy
  • Noah’s Garden by Sara Stein
  • The Backyard Parables by Margaret Roach
Monarch on echinacea. Photo by Celeste Sheehan

Rain Gardens – Digging Deeper

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Rain gardens are popping up everywhere. You will find them on college campuses and office parks, in mall parking lots, along city streets and multiuse trails. They have grown in popularity over the last several years, in response to the many problems stormwater causes in the landscape.

When it rains – especially a heavy rain – we see flooding, erosion, and pollution from stormwater runoff. Just the first inch of rain during a storm collectively does the most harm.

The good news is local use of rain gardens (even on your own property!) can help to reduce flooding, erosion, and pollution over a broad region.

The Benefits of a Rain Garden

A rain garden on your property provides numerous benefits, including:

  • Intercepting water and provide habitat for birds and wildlife
  • Reducing stormwater runoff by 30% compared to a traditional turf lawn
  • Adding natural beauty

It is not just another garden bed and does not need to be limited to perennial wildflowers and grasses. Shrubs and trees can also be used in rain gardens to achieve increased absorption, retention, and beauty.

Planning Your Rain Garden

When planning a rain garden, you need to determine what is known as the infiltration rate of your soil, or how quickly water drains through it. This will indicate whether your soils can support a rain garden. You can test it yourself in 4 easy steps:

  1. Dig a hole 1’  deep, being careful not to disturb the sides or compact the soil in the hole.
  2. Pour 444 mL (1”) of water into the hole and let it drain completely
  3. Fill the hole with water again and place a ruler in the center flush with the bottom to measure the depth
  4. Wait 15 minutes, measure the water depth again then multiply the result by four to determine the infiltration rate. Rates of .5 to 8 inches in an hour are sufficient for rain gardens.

Next, consider the location and size of the rain garden.  The Philadelphia Water Department recommends sizing your rain garden to be 20-30% of your impervious surfaces (roof, driveways, patios, and walkways).  The rain garden should be a minimum of ten feet away from the foundation of your house and your property line and in the lowest spot of the yard. The area should have a 1% slope away from your house for proper drainage. The rain garden will need either an outflow or a drain for larger storm events to prevent flooding. Make sure that the direction of the discharge is away from your house and your neighbor’s property.

When digging the rain garden, if your soil is rich with organic matter, two to three inches of depth will be sufficient. If it’s not and you need to amend it, dig down five to six inches and add compost. Always use PA 1-Call  before you dig, to make sure you are clear of unseen obstacles underground.  Taper the edges of the rain garden toward the center to prevent erosion. 

Purple coneflower is a great choice for a raingarden.

Selecting Plants

And now for the exciting part: deciding what to plant. The funny thing about a rain garden is that most of the time, it is dry! While you might think wetland plants would be best, floodplain plants that can handle periods of inundation and drought are actually ideal. Basically, a rain garden functions like a small floodplain where water can stop, slow down, infiltrate into the soil and be absorbed by plant roots. The next question to ask is what plants are common to floodplains?

Depending on the size of your rain garden, planting a tree in it might not make sense. But if it does, a tree can be a fantastic focal point. In our region, you have a variety of native choices:

  • canopy trees: red and silver maples, sycamore, river birch, pin oak, swamp white oak, and black gum. 
  • understory: black willow and sweet-bay magnolia

Bald cypress is a great southern species, too. As our area continues to warm up, using more southerly species may be a way to increase the long term vitality of your landscape.

The shrub layer of floodplains offer a rich palette of plants from which to choose. Highbush blueberry, red chokeberry, and black chokeberry look lovely and provide edible fruit. Buttonbush, arrowwood, winterberry holly, ninebark, meadowsweet, sweet pepperbush, possumhaw, red twig and silky dogwoods offer a variety of color, texture and seasonal interest to round out a rain garden. Once established, shrubs require minimal maintenance.

Thinking of your rain garden as a habitat with niches to fill can help guide design and plant selection. Plan on a variety of heights and moisture tolerances between the center and edges. Plant low growing cool season bunch grasses for early season cover, wildflowers for summer color, and shrubs for height and fruit.

Whether you plant trees, shrubs, wildflowers, or grasses, rain gardens can provide beauty, functionality, and habitat for your landscape. Dig deeper and decide for yourself what type of rain garden fits your landscape and start helping your community by reducing stormwater runoff at home. Many small actions can really make a difference.

Willistown Conservation Trust’s Rushton Conservation Center features a rain garden designed by Jonathan Alderson Landscape Architects. It is includes sweetbay magnolia and sweet pepperbush. A variety of wildflowers and grasses were planted as plugs and seed. Swamp milkweed, butterfly weed, purple coneflower, bee balm, beardtongue, mountain mint, and asters fill the basin with seasonal color and attract pollinators all summer long. The circular driveway around the rain garden is pitched inwards to drain runoff during storms. A surface drain in the rain garden directs overflow to a nearby underground stormwater basin.

This article was originally published in County Lines Magazine – May 2020 Issue.

Stewardship Volunteer Program

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Volunteer, Gerry Tuten, admiring her handiwork at Rushton Woods Preserve.

We need your help! Willistown Conservation Trust maintains three public preserves, soon to be four! With so much beautiful habitat, we need some help keeping these conserved lands looking their best for all visitors and ensuring they continue to provide healthy habitat for the many species that depend on them.

In March, the stewardship team began new weekly volunteer days, during which anyone is welcome to come out and help tackle ongoing management at the preserves. The program got off to a great start, as generous members of the community helped our stewardship and watershed staff free native shrubs from invasive vines, and install “live stakes” along Ridley Creek to shore up the stream bank.

Completed stream bank stabilization with live willow stakes at Ashbridge Preserve. Photo by Mike Cranney

Unfortunately, while the stewardship department remains hard at work, social distancing measures have put the volunteer program on hold. However, there is good news: we are planning on resuming these weekly sessions come June, with appropriate safety precautions in place. Be on the lookout for more information as we move closer to the summer!

Each weekly session will run from 9 to noon and tasks will include:

  • Cutting/removing invasive plants
  • Clearing vines from trees and tree cages
  • Planting native trees and shrubs
  • Pruning trees and shrubs
  • Trail clean-up and maintenance
  • Stream clean-up

You can stay for the whole time or for as long as you’re able.

If you are interested in learning more about the Stewardship Volunteer Program, or would like to come out and join us, contact our Preserve Manager, Mike Cranney. (mjc@wctrust.org)

OUR NATURE PRESERVES

Our nature preserves are open to the public 365 days per year, providing natural places that offer peace and respite for all. We will keep them open as long as it is safe to do so. While visiting our preserves, please practice social distancing and wear a mask if you encounter another person who will be closer than six feet … Learn more about our nature preserves.

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The Trust's holistic approach to land conservation, with a focus on the connections among land, farm, birds, and water, protects native habitat and provides open space for our earth to heal. Please help the Trust continue to preserve our natural world for all  generations and consider making an impactful donation … Donate Today

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