By Outreach & Communications Intern Niya Moss
Cover Photo by Jennifer Mathes

Most people find single-use plastics simple and convenient, but there are alternative, more sustainable options that benefit both humans and the environment. Using these alternatives to single-use plastic will benefit all living beings by reducing the negative impacts on the environment.

Animals are not the only creatures threatened by plastic pollution — humans are, as well. While larger plastic materials are killing aquatic animals, minuscule plastic particles, or microplastics, infect our waterways. As a result, these microscopic plastic particles can easily be consumed by humans since they can travel into our tap water systems. Heavy consumption of these particles can result in serious health issues if left untreated. So how can we avoid endangering lives, including our own? Consider reducing the plastic you use with daily alternatives, including reusable grocery bags and bioplastics.

Reusable Grocery Bags

Reducing our plastic use starts with changing our habits; it’s time to make the switch from plastic bags to reusable bags for grocery shopping. Reusable bags are incredibly convenient and do everything a plastic bag can do without the negative impact on the environment. Reusable bags are developed from sustainable, or recycled, materials and are designed to be used multiple times. When people receive plastic bags from grocery stores, they are likely to throw them out once they’ve put their groceries away. Every year, Americans throw away nearly 1 billion single-use plastic bags after bringing them home. We need to find ways to bring this number down.

In addition to the environmental benefits of reusable bags, they are also more cost effective than plastic bags considering most states are now charging their customers for plastic bags. Rather than getting charged multiple times for several plastic bags, you will only have to buy a reusable bag once and continue using it for as long as it stays in good condition. 

Of course, these reusable bags will get worn out over time, but they are much stronger and more durable than plastic bags, and they can be mended to prolong their durability. Without the need to throw out reusable bags after every use, you are already helping to reduce the use of plastic bags and its threat to our environment. The issues plastic pollution has created over the years are only going to get worse and worse. It’s time to put down that plastic bottle and start using alternatives. It may appear to be inconvenient but it’s for the best. Inconvenience is temporary, but damage to the environment can last for lifetimes.

Biodegradable Plant-Based Plastics

Using biodegradable plant-based plastics, or bioplastics, instead of single-use plastics is safer for the environment. When plastic material is described as biodegradable, it simply means that the plastic can be completely broken down into carbon dioxide, water and compost. Plastic material being biodegradable also implies that the material can decompose within weeks or months. Otherwise, the material is viewed as durable, or material that does not biodegrade as quickly.

So what exactly are biodegradable materials? Bioplastics are made from sugars that are grown from algae or crops. The sugars found in the plants are then converted into plastics. Bioplastics are mainly used in packaging, phone casings, straws, bottles, and medical implants. Using bioplastics will not exactly guarantee that the plastics issues will dissipate, but it does give a helping hand in the reduction of the use of single-use plastics.

Additionally, bioplastics are actually less toxic than single-use plastics, and they are cheaper than normal plastics. What most people are unaware of is the multitude of chemicals that are present within plastics. Plastic products contain chemical additives that can pose serious threats towards an individual’s health.

In addition, using bioplastics will reduce the demand for fossil fuels — such as coal — used to make conventional plastics. Doing so will leave a significantly smaller carbon footprint than normal plastics. As the demand for plastic increases, coal combustion increases to keep up with production. Coal combustion is one of the highest sources of mercury pollution in the ocean. As coal is burned, mercury makes its way into the atmosphere before being washed into the ocean. As this cycle continues, the ocean pollution only worsens. Using more bioplastics would reduce the use of coal combustion thus reducing the amount of carbon dioxide, and other greenhouse gasses, emitted into the atmosphere.

As for how to use biodegradable plastics, here are the basics: biodegradable material cannot be recycled. Now, if you are unsure about your item being biodegradable or not, look for the symbol shown here.

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Not to be confused with the symbol for recycling, which is a group of three arrows in the shape of a triangle. To properly dispose of biodegradable items, they can simply be thrown into the garbage. Because these items are biodegradable, they will naturally decompose without causing harm to the environment. Another option would be to send your items to a recycling facility that specializes in biodegradable materials.

We all live in and share this environment, which means we all need to do our part in reducing the need for single-use plastics. It will not be easy but with enough time and hard work, we can make the environment better for all living beings to thrive.

— By Outreach & Communications Intern Niya Moss

By Outreach & Communications Intern Niya Moss

When people think of plastic pollution, their first thought is usually “save the sea turtles!” But sea turtles aren’t the only creatures that need saving. The problem is that many individuals refuse to acknowledge plastic pollution because they believe we as humans will not be affected by it. This article will highlight the fact that humans are easily affected by plastic pollution often in subtle and invisible ways. 

Before we begin, it’s important to understand that plastic pollution revolves around microplastics. Microplastics are minuscule plastic particles that have resulted from the decomposition of waste and consumer products. These particles are often present in our water, our soil, and the air we breathe, and they greatly impact our way of life.

Microplastics in our Waterways

Many are aware that there is an abundance of plastic waste polluting our oceans but choose not to acknowledge it because they believe that this will not have an impact on their lives. That is certainly not the case. Plastic materials are typically treated with different types of chemicals or substances such as flame retardants. As these materials start to decompose in the ocean, they become small particles which contain hazardous chemicals. While these particles may be small, they can cause a great amount of damage to the human body.

Microplastic particles can easily be consumed by humans whether it be through the consumption of seafood, or through drinking contaminated water. Microplastics can enter our drinking water through a number of ways, such as doing laundry. When our clothes are being washed, microfibers become loose and are then released as wastewater. It’s worth mentioning that the plastic pollution in the ocean is mainly composed of microfibers and microplastics. The wastewater typically makes its way into our drinking water by means of the sewer systems.

These particles are very toxic because of the chemical additives they contain. Due to their small size, fish unknowingly ingest these particles, and those same fish are later consumed by humans. Consuming these fish poses a threat to human health. The chemicals within the microplastic particles are typically associated with serious health problems like infertility, ADHD and hormone-related cancers. The risks of consuming these chemicals are dangerous and can be fatal.

Plastic Pollution Threatens the Air We Breathe

If you think you’re still immune to the dangers of plastic pollution because you don’t eat fish, think again! Because plastic particles are often microscopic, they can easily be transported through the air by being blown about in the wind. Inhaling these tiny fragments of plastic can no doubt damage your respiratory system. But it gets worse than that – plastic pollution has been known to be a heavy contributor to air pollution. This is a result of burning plastic materials.

When plastics are burned, a chemical reaction occurs where toxic fumes are released into our atmosphere. Such toxic fumes include mercury, furans, and dioxins. Breathing in these fumes can cause severe health issues that can directly impact a person’s respiratory system. The fumes can aggravate any present respiratory issues such as asthma or emphysema. Pregnant women are especially at risk because inhaling these fumes can damage their fertility, or cause neonatal issues. You could be a very healthy and active person with a strong immune system, but that will not protect you from the health risks of breathing in toxic fumes. Air pollution is an issue for all living beings and the burning of plastic materials is only making it worse. If you’re still not convinced about how dangerous plastic pollution is, keep reading!

Microplastics in Soil 

Microplastics aren’t just in the water we drink or the air we breathe – they’re in our soil, too! Microplastics can easily enter agricultural lands through sewer systems, or sewage sludge, to be more specific. Sewage sludge can be described as the solids that are filtered out of the wastewater. Sewage sludge is commonly used by farmers to fertilize agricultural fields. 

The presence of microplastics in farm soil can be problematic for both humans and the environment. One of those problems being the possibility of microplastics carrying organisms that hold serious diseases that can affect humans and the environment itself. Regarding the environment, the disease-carrying microplastics can affect the soil functions and health of soil fauna. Soil fauna are beneficial organisms that inhabit the soil such as earthworms, mites, nematodes and protozoans. 

Soil fauna play a vital role in keeping our soil rich and full of nutrients. In fact, soil fauna are very crucial in relation to plant growth, litter decomposition, and soil formation. When soil fauna  ingest microplastics, the particles induce toxic effects upon the body systems of the fauna, killing them. Without these microorganisms, our soil will no longer be able to support any crops or plant life. 

The reality is that all of us are affected by plastic pollution, whether we can see it or not. With recent research indicating that microplastics are now making their way into our lungs and blood, we can no longer ignore this very real problem that affects the very things upon which life depends: air, water and soil. It’s time to save the humans before it’s too late.

— By Outreach & Communications Intern Niya Moss