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Fish Shocking

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On Saturday, October 22, the Watershed Protection Program joined scientists from the Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University’s Fisheries Team (ANS) to survey for fish in Ridley Creek at Ashbridge Preserve. It was a beautiful Saturday morning — crisp, bright, and perfect for learning more about the wildlife that calls Ridley Creek home! This event provided a unique opportunity to get a fish’s eye view of stream health, and it would not have been possible without the wonderful support of the talented Fisheries Team members Dr. David Keller and Paul Overbeck.

The morning started with a primer on fish survey protocols. Paul walked volunteers through the mechanics of electrofishing, a sampling technique where a small electric current is passed through the water to stun fish just long enough to be scooped up in a net and placed in a bucket. The scientists headed into Ridley Creek and began to survey, and immediately there was action in the water! 

As stunned fish began to fill the buckets, they were brought to shore and placed in aquariums to be studied. Within a short period of time, over 10 species of fish, crustaceans, and amphibians were documented. The Fisheries scientists quickly began to identify the wildlife and share what the presence of these creatures means for the ecosystem of Ridley Creek and surrounding landscape. Once the fish were observed in the aquariums, they were all safely released back into Ridley Creek. 

Included in the fishes that were identified was the American eel (Anguilla rostrata), a fish that migrates thousands of miles in its lifetime. This fish breeds in the Sargasso sea and migrates to headwater ecosystems — like at Ashbridge Preserve — where they can live over 25 years before completing their migration. The presence of this incredible fish showcases the connectivity of Ridley Creek with no large barriers to stop their movement to and from the Atlantic Ocean. American eel populations are declining due to large dams that block their migration, contribute to habitat loss, and overfishing of young eels.

Another fascinating fish present in the stream is the cutlip minnow (Exoglossum maxillingua). These fish are easy to identify up close, with a specially adapted three lobed, lower lip. These fish prefer gravel and rocky bottomed streams and are unable to thrive in polluted waterways where fine sediment buries rocky habitat. 

Black nose dace (Rhinichthys atratulus) are one of the most visibly common fishes in the headwaters of Ridley Creek and were abundant in the sample collected by ANS scientists! These fish are small, with big fish growing to be less than 4 inches long, but they school in shallow clear waters and can often be seen from the stepping stones at Ashbridge Preserve.

Fallfish (Semotilus corporalis) is the largest minnow native to eastern North America and they are abundant in the Ridley Creek headwaters! They are excellent targets for anglers, and their energetic behavior has earned them the nickname “freshwater tarpon.”

Rock Bass (Ambloplites rupestris) is well known to anglers as a sport fish, but this fish is actually an introduced species in Pennsylvania waterways! Since being introduced some time in the 1880s, they are actively stocked in waterways throughout the state.  

In addition to the fish that were sampled from Ridley Creek, ANS brought preserved specimens of fish of interest, including the northern snakehead (Channa argus), an aggressive invasive fish that has been spreading throughout the Delaware River watershed. 

This exciting and fascinating experience highlighted the importance of the ways that our activities on the landscape impacts the many lifeforms that call Ridley Creek home. The presence or absence of different species of fish can inform researchers of the health of Ridley Creek. There is a clear relationship with the development of the landscape and the decreasing health of freshwater ecosystems resulting in the loss of indicator species. As species disappear from the ecosystem, the entire system becomes weaker. As we head into a future that includes more frequent large storms, it is important that we focus on understanding how we can strengthen and improve the health of our systems to create resilience — the first step in this process is looking at who is present in the ecosystem. 

A huge thanks to the Fisheries Team for sharing their immense knowledge and skill! Click here to learn more about ongoing Fisheries research!

For more information on the research being conducted by the Watershed Protection Program and the lessons we have been learning about water quality in Ridley, Crum, and Darby Creeks, please explore the State of Our Streams Report.

— By Watershed Protection Program Director Lauren McGrath

2022 Lenape Sojourn

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By Watershed Protection Program Director Lauren McGrath; Photos by Kate Etherington

On August 16, 2022, Executive Director Kate Etherington and the Watershed Team attended the Lenape Nation of Pennsylvania’s 5th Rising Nation River Journey and signed the Treaty of Renewed Friendship. The Lenape people are the original inhabitants of Delaware, New Jersey, Eastern Pennsylvania, and Southern New York, and were stewards in the Delaware River Watershed for over 10,000 years before the arrival of European settlers. 

The group of nearly 50 individuals and organizations gathered in the sunny courtyard of Founders Hall at Haverford College, a longtime collaborator with the Lenape Nation, to celebrate the culmination of the River Journey. The ceremony began with smudging, or burning of ceremonial incense, performance of drumming and singing and the sharing of Lenape stories to share the significance of this event by Chief Shelley DePaul, Chief Gentle Moon Demund, and Tribal Council Storykeeper, Adam Waterbear DePaul. The Treaty signing then began, with supporting organizations and individuals taking turns to sign the document. “WCT recognizes the Lenape Nation as the original stewards of this land, and as an organization working to protect the land and waters within the Delaware River Watershed, we are honored to be invited to sign this Treaty, to carry on the tradition of land and water stewardship, and look forward to learning from and partnering more closely with the Lenape Nation in the years to come,” said Kate Etherington. The three week River Journey takes place every four years in August. The goal of this trip down the Delaware (or Lenape Sipu), is to “promote awareness that the Lenape people living in Pennsylvania are carrying on their ancestral traditions, culture and spiritual beliefs, and that they are engaged in numerous projects to provide practical ways for all citizens to respect and protect our homeland and the health, welfare, and future of the next seven generations of our children”1 as well as to elevate that Pennsylvania is one of the only states that does not recognize its indigenous peoples. 

Musicians opened the ceremony with traditional drumming and singing (Photo: Kate Etherington)

The Treaty of Renewed Friendship is an acknowledgement that the Lenape are the indigenous caretakers of these lands and signatories agree to support the Lenape Tribe in their own unique way including: Hosting Cultural / Educational programs, partnering as caretakers of the Lenape homeland and Delaware River, assisting in Lenape Language revival projects, assisting in displays/exhibits of Lenape culture, helping the Lenape people to obtain and/or protect sacred land sites, encouraging updated curriculum in public schools, attending Lenape functions, volunteer service and support, distributing information, financial assistance1. In signing the Treaty of Renewed Friendship, WCT joins a growing list of like minded organizations to collaborate and work towards shared goals of moving forward in our work of promoting respect and protecting the natural environment for future generations. Click here to read the full Treaty.

Chief Shelley DePaul introduces and reads through the Treaty of Renewed Friendship in advance of the signing (Photo: Kate Etherington)

From a historical perspective, WCT’s program area contains at least one important landmark in Lenape Nation history. Okehocking Reservation (a portion of which is now known as Okehocking Preserve), is one of the first Reservations in the United States and many of the Lenape People were moved onto this parcel of land as colonization settled into the Southeastern Pennsylvania landscape. The majority of the Lenape in this Reservation were forcibly removed and driven westward to form communities in Oklahoma, Kansas, Ohio, Indiana, Wisconsin in the late 1800’s2. 

In addition to the historic significance of the Lenape People in Chester County, there is a growing understanding in the scientific and land trust communities that to create climate resilient environments, we must turn back to the ancestral stewards of the landscape and work towards incorporating the knowledge and ethic of these cultures into the work of conservation. WCT is grateful for the opportunity to sign the Treaty of Renewed Friendship with the Lenape Nation of Pennsylvania and focus efforts in the next four years to elevate their voices and knowledge, grow in our understanding of stewarding the landscape, and building meaningful connections with the natural environment.  

Click here to learn more about the Lenape Nation of Pennsylvania and to see upcoming events and educational opportunities (including language classes!) from the Lenape Nation, and be sure to visit the curated exhibit at Haverford College from January through July of 2023.

Wanishi! 

References: 

  1. https://www.lenape-nation.org/
  2. https://glenprovidencepark.org/2011/11/21/the-okehocking-before-the-settlers/

Welcome to Willistown Conservation Trust’s 2022 Creek Week Sponsored by Aqua!

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Established in 2017 through a generous grant from the William Penn Foundation, the Watershed Protection Program Team has been working to monitor the health of the Ridley, Crum, and Darby Creek Watersheds. One of the main goals of the Watershed Program is to study and understand how human activities on the landscape are connected to the function of local streams.

For this year’s Creek Week, we will be sharing information about bogs and wetlands; beavers and stream insects; dragonflies, freshwater mussels, and a case study of water chemistry in Ridley Creek. Each of these topics is inspired by what we have observed during our time in these beautiful watersheds, and highlight the intricate relationships between our soil, air, and water systems.

Kirkwood Crum Creek | Photo by Jennifer Mathes

This Creek Week is not just online! The Watershed Team will be at Ashbridge Preserve on Thursday, June 23 and Saturday, June 25. We welcome volunteers of all ages and abilities to join us as we work to maintain the Ashbridge Tree Planting area! This planting was generously funded by the PA DCNR, and since 2019, we have planted over 1,200 trees along Ridley Creek within the preserve.

The trees along Ridley Creek help keep the water cool, slow and filter stormwater, keep the banks of the stream stable and provide important food resources to power the base of the stream food chain, which extends far beyond the waterway. The insects that rely on the leaves and branches from the banks go on to feed fish, mammals, and birds. Insects that emerge from waterways over the course of the spring fuel migratory and hatchling songbirds! With insect populations declining across the country, it is critical to understand where these insects live and how we can make sure they have the habitat and food they need to thrive.

Photo by Jennifer Mathes

As caretakers of the origin, or headwaters, of the Ridley, Crum, and Darby Creek stream systems, we have an opportunity to provide healthy water for everyone downstream of us — humans and wildlife alike! Both Ridley and Crum Creeks are potential drinking water sources for thousands of residents in Delaware County, and we are thrilled to have Aqua, an Essential Utilities Company, as a sponsor for this year’s Creek Week! We hope to see you on Friday, June 24, at our Community Supper Series, where you can learn more about the amazing water resources in our region.

Please enjoy this week-long sampling of lessons from the streams. The aquatic environment is a dramatic, wonderful, and ancient world full of resilience and hope. Each of us in the Watershed Program is thankful for the opportunity to share what we have been learning, and we welcome your curiosity and questions!

The Power of Trees in a Watershed

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Trees that grow along waterways play a critical role in maintaining a healthy stream or river. Trees provide a huge list of benefits: from providing habitat and food to stabilizing banks and cleaning the water – trees do it all.

The Riparian Zone is the area of land that borders a waterway. This zone is very important for maintaining the health of the stream, and the trees and plants that grow in this area play a critical role in the function of a stream. Riparian trees provide a huge list of benefits: they shade the water to keep it cool, provide food and habitat, stabilize the banks of the stream and filter water to remove pollutants.

A mature leafed out canopy of a tree provides shade from the direct sunlight and keeps the water cooler. Many of the streams in this area are fed by ground water, which means that in a healthy system the water should be very cold. Cold water holds higher levels of oxygen than warm water, and as the stream water begins to warm up, oxygen levels can quickly decrease to the point that many kinds of stream life can no longer thrive. In many cases, streams can warm to the point that some stream life cannot survive. While many different things can cause a stream to warm up, one of the most obvious is a lack of riparian trees. Direct sunlight on a slow moving stream in the heat of August can rapidly warm the water, but by planting riparian trees this can be avoided.

A healthy riparian zone full of trees also provides food and habitat in the stream. In healthy headwaters or the start of a stream or river, the most important source of food is the leaves and branches that enter the waterway. This is called detritus, and is the foundation of the food pyramid. Major inputs, like the falling leaves in autumn, will feed the ecosystem through the entire winter. The leaves that fall into a stream get caught on rocks and sticks and form leaf packs, which are nutrient rich bonanzas for the stream ecosystem! For this reason, it is important that when replanting riparian areas that native plants are used, as many non-native plants do not have the same nutritional value, and will not be consumed when they enter a waterway. Trees and branches that fall into waterways also provide important cover and hiding places for many stream species. The fry, or baby fish, needs a cover to avoid being eaten by larger animals. In a natural undisturbed stream system, there would be log jams, snags, and loads of leaf packs in a waterway to provide this cover.

The canopy is not the only important part of the tree for our streams – the roots of a plant in a riparian area serve the important purpose of stabilizing the banks and slowing the rate of erosion. Erosion is a natural part of a stream’s life, but the rate of erosion can become a problem. When plants are removed from the banks, there is little to secure the soil and rocks along the edge of the waterway, and as rainfall causes water levels to rise and speed up, the force of the water begins to carry the loose bank downstream. This results in stream banks becoming steep, undercut and unstable, and large deposits occur downstream, which can smother existing stream life. Organisms like mussels can become buried underneath sediment that arrives rapidly from upstream erosion.

This May, the Watershed Protection Team is planting 250 trees at Ashbridge Preserve, and we need your help! Join us from May 23 through May 29 in populating the meadow at Ashbridge Lake with a diverse set of native trees and shrubs. This year, the tree planting is designed to take place over an entire week to allow for multiple small groups to come out and make a difference while staying safe and following COVID safety guidelines. We are doing our best to keep all volunteers safe while improving the habitat along Ridley Creek!

 

To access this year’s planting, we will need to cross Ridley Creek, so please come prepared in shoes that can get wet and muddy! Please bring your gloves and water bottles to stay hydrated during the planting.



This planting has been made possible by generous funding from the DCNR.

Darby Creek Headwaters Monitoring Program

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The Watershed Protection Program has teamed up with Darby Creek Valley Association (DCVA) and Stroud Water Research Center to create a citizen science water monitoring program in Darby Creek! This collaborative project aims to create a network of training and mentoring opportunities to empower the neighbors of Darby Creek to collect high quality stream data and become water advocates for their community. The long-term goal of this project is to use the information collected from Darby Creek to advise restoration decisions, like choosing the most effective location to improve riparian buffers or the best place to install a rain garden to slow down storm water entering the stream. Detailed monitoring data will also help to identify pollution sources and areas of the landscape that pose a risk to watershed health and integrity. Cultivating a stronger understanding of the waterway takes time and effort, and we are looking to the community for help!

Training for this program will focus on safety, data quality, and education on watershed ecology and the influence of humans on waterways. Individualized training will be provided to each volunteer to ensure that every person is confident in safety protocols and how to collect high quality data and water samples. In addition, volunteers will learn more about how human activity and landscape development affects the health of waterways beyond the borders of the headwater region. The creation of a volunteer network will provide a platform for volunteers to become stream advocates who are knowledgeable about current issues in the watershed and can speak to both the needs of the waterway itself, as well as the surrounding communities.

While the Trust is focusing on the headwaters of Darby Creek, our partnership with DCVA ensures that this program is being implemented throughout the entire Darby Creek Watershed. This whole-watershed approach will provide opportunities to learn about how the waterway changes as it moves downstream and will highlight challenges that local communities face such as flooding, thermal pollution, freshwater salinization, and erosion and sediment problems and will provide a foundation to address those issues. The data we collect will help address these concerns starting at the origin of the stream, right in the Trust’s program area. Our waterways are a valuable part of our environment and are a reflection of the health of the entire landscape – the more we understand how they are being impacted by human activity (and protected by highly valuable forests and wetlands), the more effective we can be at preserving and restoring them.

We are looking for volunteers! To learn more about this program, email lbm@wctrust.org, and to become a volunteer, contact director@dcva.org.

  • Darby Creek. Photo by Sue Miller,
    Darby Creek Valley Association.
  • Darby Headwaters Team.
    Photo by Evan Hunt.

OUR NATURE PRESERVES

Our nature preserves are open to the public 365 days per year from sunrise to sunset, providing natural places that offer peace and respite for all. Willistown Conservation Trust owns and manages three nature preserves in the Willistown area - Ashbridge, Kirkwood and Rushton Woods Preserve. We maintain these lands for the … Learn more about our nature preserves.

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